                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA

EVIDENCE OF DISHONOR (§ 8.3A-505)

a. The following are admissible as evidence and create a presumption of dishonor
and of any notice of dishonor stated:

   1. a document regular in form as provided in subsection (b) which purports to
   be a protest;

   2. a purported stamp or writing of the drawee, payor bank, or presenting bank
   on or accompanying the instrument stating that acceptance or payment has been
   refused unless reasons for the refusal are stated and the reasons are not
   consistent with dishonor;

   3. a book or record of the drawee, payor bank, or collecting bank, kept in the
   usual course of business which shows dishonor, even if there is no evidence of
   who made the entry.

b. A protest is a certificate of dishonor made by a United States consul or
vice-consul, or a notary public or other person authorized to administer oaths
by the law of the place where dishonor occurs. It may be made upon information
satisfactory to that person. The protest must identify the instrument and
certify either that presentment has been made or, if not made, the reason why it
was not made, and that the instrument has been dishonored by nonacceptance or
nonpayment. The protest may also certify that notice of dishonor has been given
to some or all parties.

HISTORY: Code 1950, §§ 6-506 through 6-509, 6-511, 6-513; 1964, c. 219, §§
8.3-509, 8.3-510; 1992, c. 693.